Lithuania Demands Russian Compensations for 1991

On 16 January the Lithuanian Parliament, the Seimas, voted on a resolution demanding compensations from Moscow for the Soviet-Russian attack of 1991. On 13 January that year troops stormed the television tower in the capital Vilnius, while thousands of unarmed Lithuanians tried to defend the building, hand-in-hand. Thirteen people lost their lives, and hundreds were wounded.

For the sake of clarity, it wasn't the today so much criticized president Vladimir Putin who was in charge in the Kremlin, nor was it Boris Yeltsin who ordered the raid in his usual but not so sober condition. The Soviet Union still existed at that time, even though it was becoming clear that union was coming to its end. And the head of state at that time was still, indeed, Mikhail Gorbachev. In fact, only a month earlier he had been in Oslo to collect the Nobel Peace Prize, and in the West he never had to account much for the attack on Lithuania and the deaths it caused. The intervention in Lithuania came a few days after an ultimatum he had given to Lithuania to respect the constitution of the Soviet Union and withdraw its declaration of independence of 11 March 1990. A month later though, on 9 February 1991, 90.47% of Lithuanians voted in favor of independence in a referendum, and yet another month later Lithuania's de facto independence was already recognized by a range of countries. Estonia and Latvia followed soon the Lithuanian example, and today the three Baltic states are members of both NATO and the European Union.

But sixteen years after the facts, no compensations have been paid yet for the victims of the attack, and the events continue to cause conflicts between Lithuania and Russia. The Russian Federation is internationally recognized as the legal successor of the Soviet Union, and therefore Lithuania sent the damage claim to Moscow. Already in 2000 a special governmental commission had estimated the damage of the fifty year occupation to roughly 28 billion dollars. The bill the Lithuanian Parliament sent to Moscow this year mentions 24 billion euro. In 1992, Lithuanians decided in a referendum that the government should try to collect compensations for the events of January 1991, but until now not much has happened.

As could be expected, the Russians aren't amused by the new Lithuanian initiative. Liberal democrat (Russian style) Vladimir K. Gusev (LDPR), first deputy chairman of the committee on economic policy, business and property of the Russian Federation Council, told in a reaction that «before adopting such resolutions politicians should have counted how much all the former Soviet republics have invested in Lithuania's development». According to him, Lithuania owes Russia a sum exceeding Lithuania's claims dozens of times, recalling that the Soviet Union built two thirds of Lithuania's industrial facilities, including petrochemical plants, the Klaipėda seaport and several arms manufacturing plants.

Valery T. Kadokhov, first deputy chairman of the committee on federation affairs and regional policies shares Gusev's view. «If we extend Seimas's line of thought, the damage can be calculated since the times of the Lithuanian Principality's hit-and-run raids against Russia,» he said. The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs wasn't impressed either by the Lithuanian resolution, and said it ignored all legal, historical and political realities.

@Arpad

"Memel was founded and populated by Germans, from its beginning 1250..."

 

Actually, Memel was a fortification built by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, from Luebeck, on lands that had been inhabited by Baltic tribes, namely the Curonians, since the 7th century AD. At the behest of Baltic and Slavic principalities that had accepted Catholicism (e.g. the Grand Duchy of Lithuania), neighbouring Catholic kingdoms (e.g. Poland, Norway), and the Papacy the Livonian Order's mission was to convert or annihilate the pagan Baltic tribes in the area. The Order also served as a beachead for the Ottonian policy of Ostsiedlung, the colonisation of the Baltic and Slavic territories, which resulted in German settlers colonising lands as distant as Transylvania and the Volga River basin. The lands east of the Elbe River constitute the Slavic homeland and German minorities there, in the Sudetenland, and along the Baltic coast were merely the result of an attempt at conquest. Operating similarly to the Teutonic Order, whose monastic state would later include the Livonian Brothers' territories, the Livonian Order engaged in profitable activities (e.g. the lucrative amber trade) such as trade, taxation and exploitation of the pagan peoples against which it fought. The German populations east of the Elbe were parasitic to their non-German hosts and can only be regarded as fifth columnists in light of Hitler's pretext for war based on irredentism.

 

"Until the genocide on the Germans in Memel, the population in the city and the surrounding area was in the majority German."

 

There was no genocide of the Germans, only repatriation after centuries of occupation. The only people who suffered genocide were the original Prussian tribes at the hands of the Teutonic Order.

 

"Memel was undisputed part of Germany until the defenceless post World War 1 Germany was unable to prevent it´s occupation and annexation."

 

Germany was an imperial power until 1918, and had annexed parts of Poland and Lithuania. I suppose that Germany's African colonies should be returned to her, no?

 

Arpad you demonstrate a limited knowledge of Central-Eastern European history and the histories of the cultures and lands of which you speak, not to mention a clear bias in favour of German imperialism. If you are going to make such stupid statements in the future expect a response to fit your level of thinking, like 'Germany in fact belongs to Russia because the Soviet Union captured Berlin in 1945,' or 'the former provinces of the Roman Empire should be annexed rightfully to Italy.'

Memel was founded and populated by Germans

Memel was founded and populated by Germans, from its beginning 1250 until the end of World War 2, when the German population was annihilated by the Allied forces.

Until the genocide on the Germans in Memel, the population in the city and the surrounding area was in the majority German.

Memel was undisputed part of Germany until the defenceless post World War 1 Germany was unable to prevent it´s occupation and annexation.

In elections, between the wars, the population of the Memel territory voted overwhelming, with 87%, for Pro-German parties.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memel_Territory

The annexation of the city, renamed Klaipėda, and the Memel Territory with its large German population, had enormous consequences for the Lithuanian economy. The region subsequently accounted for up to 30% of the Lithuania's entire production, ...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaipėda

Just compensation...

Is compensation from the Russian Federation for wrongs committed by the U.S.S.R. truly justified? Firstly, the wrongs must be qualified and quantified: do these include casualties and fatalities that occurred under Soviet occupation, post-war reparation payments from Warsaw Pact states to Moscow, economic exploitation, economic reorganisation and integration into Comecon? Can these be neatly summed up into a monetary value, factoring in inflation, etc.? Secondly, who exactly are the wrongdoers? Are the Russians responsible for wrongs committed by communist governments in the Soviet bloc? Are the entire Russian people at fault, or merely those bureaucrats in power during the commission of these wrongs? Thirdly, who exactly are the victims? Are the Russian people not just as much victims as the Lithuanians, Hungarians, or Poles? Certainly the average Russian citizen did not benefit from Soviet imperialism, the benefits went to Warsaw Pact party elites and the remainder was wasted on the largest and most powerful conventional army on Earth, 10,000 nuclear warheads, and other materiel and equipment that today has lost most of its original value.

Fourthly, who is the compensation to be derived from? Descendants of Russian nomenklatura? Gorbachev himself? The Russian state? Lastly, who are the beneficiaries?

Lithuania demands compensation......

Admittedly, a great number of groups who have awarded themselves with victim status attempt to get paid for that classification. As insinuated, many claims are, accordingly, unjustified. "Many" but not necessarily "all." In the case of the 17th century Polish-Lithuanian occupation of Moscow all the participants are dead. The victims and the villains of the Soviet colonization of the Baltic States are alive. With that so is the case.

Arpad, you choose a poor example...

Memel was originally inhabited by Baltic tribes, and is far beyond the boundaries of the Germanic ancestral homeland. As with the rest of East Prussia, Memel was a base from which German religious-military orders exterminated the pagan Balto-Slavic tribe of Prussians. Later on, this base would be used to advance German imperialism in Poland and along the Baltic. Using Memel as a basis for reparations is as ridiculous as claiming that France owes England reparations for French territory the latter lost after the Hundred Years War.

Klaipeda = Memel

Memel, the easternmost city of Germany was annexed by Lithuania after the first world war.

How high are the reparations Lithuania is willing to pay to Germany?

Going back to the time of the flood

In our seemingly global culture of entitlement, victimization is the currency. Those individuals and groups that publicize the past wrongdoings committed against them, ranging from childhood sexual molestation to genocide, respectively, are able to convert the resulting sympathy into the present and future hard currency of extra socio-economic benefits (e.g. affirmative action, wealth and income redistribution), irresponsibility for one's actions (responsibility, and socio-political clout. Unfortunately, this culture fails to recognise that every individual and group experiences similar wrongdoings. Some of these individuals and groups perceive these hardships as mere challenges, do not loudly and incessantly publicize their impact, and view them as part of a rich history. Thus, victims are not different from everyone else, they just choose to be victims.

 

The Lithuanians have no more claim on the Russians for damages incurred under Soviet occupation, than the Russians have on Lithuania and Poland for those incurred by the Russian principalities during their conflicts with the Jagiellonian or Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Today's enemies are tomorrow's friends, and such victimization only hampers co-operation. Are the Poles responsible for the suffering that Dzerzhinski caused Russian and Ukranians during his tenure at the Cheka? Where does it end? How far back are historians allowed to go?

 

If an individual or society will not take responsibility for the hardship of a particular challenge, than they cannot take responsibility for overcoming it. Success isn't what you do during the good times, it's how you handle the bad ones.